Pessimism in Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrush Essay -- Darkling Thru

Pessimism in Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrush Thomas Hardy’s writings are often imbued with pessimism, and his poem â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† is not an exception. Through the bleakness of the landscape, the narrator’s musings on the century’s finale, and the narrator’s reaction to the songbird, â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† reveals Hardy’s preoccupation with time, change, and remorse. Written in four octaves, â€Å"A Darkling Thrush† opens with a view of a desolate winter landscape. With â€Å"spectre-grey† frost covering everything in sight (line 2), all joyful colours and sounds are smothered with an intangible film of bleakness. This gloominess is not to be dispersed, for the imagery of â€Å"Winter’s dregs† suggests that there exists a residue of the year’s melancholy (3). The burden of the word â€Å"dregs† creates a caesura, and the heaviness of the poem is reinforced with alternating lines of iambic tetrameters and iambic trimeters. The tangled bine-stems that scored the sky (5) and â€Å"the land’s sharp features† (9) move the miasmal pessimism to a more sharply defined pain that is intensified with the alliteration in â€Å"his crypt the cloudy canopy† (11). The â€Å"bleak twigs overhead† (18) cast a sharp image of bars stretching across the sky, embracing the gloominess in Hardy†™s world. Reflecting the narrator’s sense of perceptions, the dreary landscape mirrors the narrator’s depression and projects his emotions into solid images. An occasional poem, â€Å"A Darkling Thrush† depicts the setting of one century and the birth of another through the narrator’s eyes. Leaning perhaps wearily on the coppice gate, the narrator observes how even the people that haunt the land like soulless wanderers (7) return to their homes where brightly shine their fires, a ... ...llest cause for hope. The thrush’s exuberance seeps into the narrator’s life for a brief moment, revealing to him a life lived to the fullest, yet the narrator remains unconvinced and melancholy. Submerging â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† in a dreary landscape devoid of life and colour, Thomas Hardy is able to weave pessimism into his work, providing a core of bleak emotions for his narrator, who sees no hope for the empty society he lives in. Even when he catches a glimpse of cheerfulness from an old thrush, the narrator declares his personal plight excluded from the possible causes of joy. With all signs of hope criticized as being absurd, Thomas Hardy’s â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† conveys a purely pessimistic view. Work Cited Hardy, Thomas, â€Å"The Darkling Thrush.† 1900. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 2000. 2: 1935-1936.

Health Care Utilization Essay

Health care reform is not a recently devised concept. The government and health professionals have studied and tried to establish legislation that would assist the general population with a means of accessing adequate health care for decades. The task has proven itself as a daunting one although studied the world over. Individuals struggle with disease and illness that they cannot afford medical attention and treatment. Insurance companies price gouge or drop individuals from their insurance coverage. Reform has to be implemented to protect the public and provide across the board health care for every situation. Ronald Andersen wrote in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior there is a model of behavior that determines the seeking out of health services (Anderson, 1995). Anderson collaborated with Odin Anderson and wrote The Initial Behavioral Model in 1968 to assist in the analysis of national survey data collected by the Center for Health Administration Studies and the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago (Andersen & Anderson, 1967). The model explains that there are elements that may determine if an individual will access health services. Anderson explained, â€Å"I want to stress that the model was initially designed to explain the use of formal personal health services rather than to focus on the important interactions that take place as people receive care, or on health outcomes†(Andersen, 1968, p. 1). The Initial Behavioral Model (1960s) PREDISPOSING ENABLING USE OF CHARACTERISTICS RESOURCES NEED HEALTH SERVICES Demographic Personal/Family Perceived Social Structure Community  (Evaluated) Health Beliefs (Revisiting The Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does it Matter?, 1995) The president had legislation passed in 2010 to implement the Affordable Care Act. Today, more than 45 million Americans lack access to affordable health insurance. Additionally, many individuals who do have health insurance have incomplete coverage that may include exclusions for pre-existing conditions, or they may be one-step away from losing coverage because of a change in employment. Individuals with health insurance face increasingly high premiums and medical costs that drive some to bankruptcy or force choices between maintaining health insurance coverage and paying for other household essentials (HHS, 2013). These new regulations will provide consumer protections and the developing of a competitive market. Insurance companies will be required to spend a specific percentage on health care and not excessive administrative costs. There have been major changes to the accessibility of insurance coverage for individuals which have been diagnosed with a pre-existing medical condition. Insurance companies will no longer be allowed to deny insurance coverage for individuals, such as children born with life-threatening illnesses. This will also address lifetime limits on medical care. There has been a health insurance exchange in an effort to pool millions of people and allow them to examine various insurance coverage policies to determine the best policy for them and their families. Health and Human Services has implemented a website for the comparison of the insurance coverage options (HHS, 2013). There have been conversations for decades about the implementation of universal health coverage. The World Health Organization defines it as a goal to ensure that people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them. It goes on explaining, access to health services enables people to be more productive and active contributors to their families and communities†¦.financial risk protection prevents people from being pushed into poverty when they have to pay for health services out of their own pockets (WHO, 2012). There is a definite similarity with the concepts of universal health care and the Affordable  Care Act now in place in this country. Attempts are being made to ensure that all citizens can access health care and increase their wellbeing in the process. The expansion of Medicaid will benefit multiple low-income citizens who, through no fault of their own, are working at a minimum wage job. They are barely earning too much money to be eligible for assistance and are not making enough of a salary to afford health insurance coverage. It turns into a viscous cycle. The individual has to decide whether it is better to quit work and get assistance for medical care or to continue struggling and still not make the grade. There have been no major issues personally with the implementation of the health care expansion. The insurances that I carry are both the Medicare and Medicaid. Medicaid has changed in that they are requiring that there is a primary care physician (PCP) established to oversee medical services provided. The initial visit would be to the PCP where any examination and testing would be performed for the determination of the necessity of a referral. The PCP’s office would organize all medical records and coordinate with the specialist’s staff to establish a consultation. I consider myself an extremely fortunate individual because I have been able to have multiple medical issues addressed and corrected because of the medical coverage. The Medicare coverage is not as restrictive as Medicaid. Medicare allows the individual to access any physician or facility that the patient desires for treatment as long as their insurance is accepted. There has not been any specific positive or negative effect with this coverage. Medicare has provided successfully for preventive measures in my health services such as yearly mammograms, colonoscopy testing every two years (if deemed necessary through findings during prior examination), and comprehensive yearly physical examinations. Unfortunately, there is minimal dental coverage and no eye examinations available. There has been major skepticism with the Affordable Care Act being voted on and implemented in the governmental realm. It is exhibiting a number of positive actions implemented with the creation of this act. It is time that this country gives thought to the individuals which are suffering because of no fault of their own other than being on the lower end of the income scale. Also citizens are pleased with the inclusion of the poor souls battling daily with an affliction that requires more attention and treatment than they could ever afford. It is in this new light that people are viewing the creation of the Affordable Care Act and see that this should prove to be beneficial to every citizen within the national borders. Reference Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting The Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does it Matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 1-10, retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2137284 Andersen, R.M., Anderson, O.W. (1967), A Decade of Health Services, retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1815595 Health and Human Services (2013), Strengthen Health Care, retrieved from: http://www.hhs.gov/secretary/about/goal1.html World Health Organization (2012), What is Universal Health Coverage, retrieved from: http://www.who.int/features/qa/universal_health_coverage/en/index.html

Ideas In The Necklace Tale - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 521 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Necklace Essay Did you like this example? The tale The Necklace through man DE man de Maupassant takes location in France many hundred years beyond. Mathilde Loisel lives in a very flat along aspect her husband, WHO works as a clerk for the Minister of class. Their lives do not appear to be highly-priced, but theyre no longer pinched, actually sincere. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ideas In The Necklace Tale" essay for you Create order Mathilde, but, longs to be sumptuous. She envies her buddy Jeanne WHO talents a sizably voluminous house and plenty of jewelry.at some point her husband brings domestic letter of invitation to a ball. He cerebrates his mate are going to be gladdened to wait the sort of difficult birthday celebration, however rather she is upset. She repines that she has not some thing opportune to put on to such AN extravagant event. Her kind husband is of the same opinion to relinquish her the four hundred francs that he have been conserving to buy AN inchoate rifle to prompt herself a robe.She and her husband attend the gala and function a splendid time. She dotes tremendous and dances all night time. Determinately, they circulate home inside the wee hours of the morning. as soon as they arrive domestic, Mathilde realizes that the jewellery is missing. They wonder if it fell off inside the carriage that they took home, however neither of them descried the amount. Her husband goes resolute probe the streets however returns empty bimanual. To stall for time, Mathilde indites to her friend that she negative the clasp and has it restored. within the in the meantime, they phrase every other rings that suits the missing one, however it charges cardinal thousand francs. Her husband propitiously genetic eighteen thousand francs from his father, however they are going to want to borrow the remainder of the mazuma. Determinately, they want enough to get the replacing rings and Mathilde offers it to Jeanne WHO does not even visually take a look at it.the subsequent 10 years Mathildes life changes dramatically. They pergrinate to a a whole lot of minuscule dormitory anywhere she should cook dinner and easy for herself. She in addition will paintings at the factor while her husband works a couple of jobs to pay back all of the mazuma they borrowed. at the same time as the 10 years, the mazuma is all paid returned, but Mathilde has aged an first rate deal. one day she visually perceives Jeanne Forestier on the street. She makes a decision to tell her the reality concerning the jewelry. Jeanne is surprised by means of Mathildes tough look. Mathilde explicates that its miles indirectly because of Jeanne due to the fact that she misplaced the jewellery she borrowed from her and needed to benefit a changing. bowled over, Jeanne confesses that the jewellery Mathilde borrowed have become AN unauthentically spurious, composed of paste, price no quite five hundred francs.truely, the sophistication of the tale is that truthfulness is that the first-rate insurance. If Mathilde have been veracious toget her with her friend from the commencement, she could have found out that the jewellery wasnt composed of actual diamonds and could not have wasted 10 years purchasing a replacing.

The Force of Technology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2139 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Technology Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Section I- Globalization Force: Technology The force of technology has had unprecedented impact on globalization over the years is certainly technology and being protected under intellectual property rights, the developing countries like India have focussed a great deal on becoming the technical experts of the world (Matyjewicz). Though there is still a need for aligning the goals of global business strategy with the use of technology. The business today is tough and increasingly complex, thus the organizations are embracing Information technology (IT) as a tool to manage the complexity in business operations in the most effective and efficient manner to achieve sustainable competitive spot in the international market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Force of Technology" essay for you Create order Globalization and technology have reinforced each other and grown together over the years. The technologies have evolved along with the process of globalization of companies and this has occurred through the following three categories of technology activities, which are ?technological exploitation?, ?technological generation? and ?technological collaboration?. MNCs try to enhance their profitability by exploiting technological processes and transferring them to international markets. Examples are: International trade, Intra-firm trade, technology trade, wholesale trade, extending patents to other countries. Often it happens that an MNC starts the innovation process in its host country by means such as FDI and setting up of RD facilities there. Examples are: FDI in wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, internationalization of RD and patents generated in foreign subsidiaries. The most striking feature linking technology and globalization is that only few firms are capable of innovation on their own, thus they need to collaborate with other organizations. Examples are: Strategic alliances, JVs, research pacts, joint development agreements, technology exchange agreements and building strong supplier-producer relationships across geographical boundaries. The World Information Technology and Services Alliance in a study in 2006 estimated the global investment on IT and communications in 2006 to be approximately $3 trillion which was expected to exceed ?4 trillion by 2009 whereas the growth is primarily spurred by the software with annual growth rate of above 9.9% (WITSA, 2006). There are two distinct aspects of IT. They are IT as ?embedded factor of production? and IT as ?driver of organizational change?. The former defines IT as an inherent factor that needs to be combined with other factors of production to enhance economic growth and the latter views IT as the factor responsible for levelling of the organizations. IT has enabled building trusted business relationships which can be digitally facilitated by the global enterprises. One of the revolutionary technologies in use is Virtual Meetings over digital platform such as video conferencing and human conferencing. The interdependence between the ability to employ IT and abilit y to implement corporate strategies is growing in the context of international business environment. It is helping MNEs to improve the efficiency and productivity. The multinational organizations essentially need robust telecommunication system (Elliot, 2004). There are a lot of opportunities in the technological sector, for example in the transportation sector the global market for supply chain management (SCM) software is expected to reach $8.3 billion in 2010 which was $5.5 billion and in the urban planning sector also the building management systems investment is estimated to be over $67 trillion. The global firms must recognise the swiftness and measure of transformation as the international business landscape of this decade will be governed by new evolving global rules and uncertainty and the business leaders who will provide strategic precision by implementing IT in their operations will excel on international level. Section II: WEF and Annual Meeting 2010 at Davos World Economic forum in a non-profitable foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland and it is the leading global community that brings together the leaders and most erudite people from the backgrounds of business, politics and society on a common sharing platform to formulate and work on policies to improve the lives of people around the world (WEF). The founder of WEF, Klaus Martin Schwab developed the ?Stakeholder? management approach the objective of which was to draw the attention of corporate leaders on the broader aspects of the firm?s operations and their impacts on the communities in which they operate and the associated governments. WEF discusses the most challenging issues facing the world and to make the countries accountable for their contribution to the problems and propose solutions and implement them (WEF). The purpose of the Davos 2010 annual meeting of WEF is to improve the current situation by improving cooperation at a global level, addressing present challenges and dealing with the potential future risks. The 40th 2010 annual meeting?s theme is a call to action, ?Improve the State of the World: Rethink, Redesign and Rebuild?. The areas being most emphasised are climate, crisis and technology. Section III: The theme of ?Technology? at Davos 2010 Technology was one of the important themes of the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland. The globalization is leading to the emergence of newer markets with more potential for growth and productivity. It is evident that globalization and technological innovations reinforce each other. The digital ecosystem will continue to evolve in the coming years and hence global firms must be prepared to deal with uncertainties. Technological innovations have helped reduce the operating costs while maximizing the operational efficiency. Technologies such as cloud computing and semantic search which are behind social networking applications are being used for benefitting the sectors such as education and healthcare. Our own Blackboard application at Bangor University is a good example. Another example is Chile where new software supports agriculture ministry to gather and broadcast critical information about weather and climate to the farmers thus assists them in pr oper decision making regarding agriculture. WEF every year selects companies for their innovations in the areas of clean technology, information technologies, etc. which are known as Technology Pioneers. The ones selected this year include: Aura Biosciences (developing a viral-like system of drug delivery for cancer patients), BioFuelBox (operates chemical less waste treatment plant. Its separation process is patented), Obopay (a low cost mobile payment service uses mobile phones for services such as banking. It is serving 6 million people in US, India and Kenya), Dithium (mobile video infrastructure solutions), Nivio (fully functional Windows desktop environment accessible via a Web browser). Davos 2010 strengthened the importance of technology to the process of globalization. One of the discussions in WEF annual meeting emphasized on the growing importance of information technology and how new consumers use it. It described the consumers as restless and all-powerful and how they are responsible for driving the costs down and increasing quality of products and services. The consumer demand is transforming the global business backdrop. Global enterprises will require being vigilant to the revolutionary ways in which consumer decision making and purchase behaviour is being influenced by the technological innovations. Women have become a major stakeholder in defining the business in today?s time. Women make 85% of all purchases. Technology has empowered women in major areas such as education, mobility and self-employment tools. WEF realised the importance of developing countries like India which is a global leader in the information technology sector. International business leaders should be aware of the markets like India which are unsaturated and full of growth and development opportunities. Technological innovations such as cloud computing and mobile computing are believed to decide the ways in which firms will operate and collaborate in future wh ile also creating opportunities for new business avenues. IT sector is estimated to have contributed 2% of the world?s carbon emissions and Davos 2010 focussed on how the technology sector companies can grab the real business opportunity of helping the other 98% companies to go green. The Smart 2020 Report appointed by the Global e-Sustainability Initiative estimates that tech-sector can help reducing around 15% of all the global emissions and create new business lines which will be worth trillions of dollars. Section IV: IB Recommendations to Governments Companies The companies should forge ahead to embrace technological innovations for achieving growth and productivity on a global level as customers of the present time decide what to buy and how. MNCs must invest in the technologies that improve the logistics and distribution systems as it influences the global pricing. It may include setting up of production centers in the host countries. It is critical for the international businesses to recognize the role of laws and regulations of different countries and eliminate the potential trade barriers. Global firms must invest in developing countries through means such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to develop infrastructure that will help grow all the stakeholders. The governments should be receptive to dynamic changes brought by interplay of technology and globalization and countries should encourage strategic alliances between domestic and foreign companies. The government must act as facilitators and mediators in matters related to international business so that it becomes easier to conduct business across borders more effectively and efficiently. They should also capture the opportunities of national and global investment in the businesses. Various global economies should strive to build better and long standing business and social relationships to foster the pace of globalization of trade. Governments should come together on the international level and discuss and debate the challenging issues facing them in the meetings such as World Economic Forum and collaborate to develop solutions to the pressing problems. Conclusion Globalization and technology are inseparable as both gain and build on each other. Newer international trade connections have become possible due to improvements in transportation and communication as they help the companies to reach to areas which were earlier inaccessible. The impetus of barrier-free trade and communication has been backed by agreements such as International Telecommunications Agreement (ITA). The global technology networks and platforms will keep bringing the economies of the world together to compete on an international level. Global firms will need to keep investing in IT to leverage its full potential to minimize costs and maximize productivity and effectiveness. The digitalization of business has helped the global companies to adapt themselves to the changing needs of the customers in efficient ways. Technology has created the perfect platform for sharing knowledge within and between the companies hence providing the foundations for better collaboration betw een various stakeholders in the realm of internationalization of businesses across the globe. Information technology will also contribute to greater diversification, integration and standardization of global companies of the world. Technology will significantly be a major determinant in the world?s environmental issues as more and more technology will turn green to support not only digital ecosystem but biological ecosystem as well. References Bhatt et al. (2010) Who Is the New Consumer? Davos 2010 annual meeting. World Economic Forum (WEF). Held on 27th January. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/en/knowledge/Industries/InformationTechnologies/KN_SESS_SUMM_30096?url=/en/knowledge/Industries/InformationTechnologies/KN_SESS_SUMM_30096 (Accessed on 16 Feb 2010). Bruderle et al. (2010) Technology for Society. Davos 2010 annual meeting. World Economic Forum (WEF). Held on 29th January. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/en/knowledge/Industries/InformationTechnologies/KN_SESS_SUMM_30438?url=/en/knowledge/Industries/InformationTechnologies/KN_SESS_SUMM_30438 (Accessed on 16 Feb 2010). Elliot, G. (2004) Global business information technology: an integrated systems approach, 1st ed., England: Pearson Education Ltd, pp. 411. Improve the State of the World: Rethink, Redesign, Rebuild. World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2010. Executive Summary. Davos-Klosters, Switzerland 27-31 January 2010. Madapusi, A D?Souza, D. (2008) Aligning Information Technology with International Business Practices of Small Firms: Exploring theory and practice. Proceedings of the USASBE held in San Antonio, Jan 13-18 2008. Available from: https://usasbe.org/knowledge/proceedings/proceedingsDocs/2008/PaperID135.pdf (Accessed on 11 Feb 2010). Matyjewicz, G. Understanding the issues needed to compete in today?s global economy: International Business Today. Available from: https://www.gapent.com/global/International_Business-Report.pdf (Accessed on 11 Feb 2010). Rycroft, R. (2002) Technology-Based Globalization Indicators: The Centrality of Innovation Network Data. Occasional Paper Series, GW Center for the Study of Globalization. Available from: https://gstudynet.org/publications/OPS/papers/CSGOP-02-09.pdf (Accessed on: 10 Feb 2010). Schenker, Jennifer L. (2010) Message to Tech Leaders In Davos: There Are Big Profits In Helping The World Go Green. Available from: https://informilo.com/20100128/message-tech-leaders-davos-there-are-big-profits-helping-world-go-green-235 (Accessed on: 12 Feb 2010). Spelman, M. (2010) Davos 2010: Business leaders need to learn new skills. Available from: https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8476023.stm (Accessed on 12 Feb 2010). Weaver, T.J. (2010) Redesigning with Technology Pioneers. Davos 2010 annual meeting. World Economic Forum (WEF). Held on 28th January. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/en/knowledge/Industries/InformationTechnologies/KN_SESS_SUMM_30053?url=/en/knowledge/Industries/InformationTechnologies/KN_SESS_SUMM_30053 (Accessed on 16 Feb 2010). WEF (2007) Digital Ecosystem Convergence between IT, Telecoms, Media and Entertainment: Scenarios to 2015. Executive Summary, Available from: https://www.weforum.org/pdf/scenarios/de_executive_summary.pdf (Accessed on11 Feb 2010). Wilson III, Ernest J. (1998) Globalization, Information Technology, and Conflict in the Second and Third Worlds: A Critical Review of the Literature. Available from: https://www.rbf.org/usr_doc/Globalization,_Information_Technology,_and_Conflict.pdf (Accessed on 11 Feb 2010). WITSA (2006). The Digital Planet 2006. World Information Technology and Services Alliance.

Bilingual Language Learners ( Ell ), And Students

A. Introduction There are so many diverse student groups in the United States. Two that are really of interest to me are English language learners (ELL), and students in foster care. Though they have many similarities, they are also vastly different. A.1. Definition and Demographics ELL students are either students whose first language is not English or who were raised speaking another language in their home. ELL students made up about 9% of public school students in the United States during the 2014/2015 school year, which equals out to about 4.5 million students! Spanish is the number one first language of ELL students, making up about 77%. Arabic and Chinese are the next two most popular languages ELL students speak, but only†¦show more content†¦This all falls under linguicism. This discrimination based on language is not only a severe challenge for ELL students, but also incredibly unfair. As people who speak English as our first language it s easy to take advantage of that privilege, but we need to give those who do not speak English as their first language the same respect that we would want if we were learning another language in a surrounding that was foreign to us. A.3.a. Strategy for ELL Students Growing up in an incredibly diverse area, I completely overestimate the availability of ESL (English as a second language) and ELL teachers. Because all ELL students do not have access to such help, educators can do well to make a personal effort to reach out to their ELL students. By making a personal effort to connect with ELL students, educators can better understand how to help them get the most out of their education. Giving them special attention will not only help them succeed but also make them feel more comfortable and welcome. Educators could go above and beyond by making special copies of homework assignments for students that feature both English and the students first language. This way they will no doubt understand what is being asked of them, but also learn new words at the same time! Another way educators could show a personal effort could be by making time to work with the students outside of classroom time, further explaining anything that was taughtShow MoreRelate dBilingual Education Is Effective Teaching Strategies For English Language Learners1265 Words   |  6 Pages Now, let us tackle into what an experienced bilingual afterschool program coordinator and a nonprofit organization, the National Association for Bilingual Education, have to say regarding the filed of English Language Learning. To gain more insight from a professional standpoint, I have had the honor to interview the coordinator of an afterschool program for immigrant children and families, where I have been doing my service learning for the past two years. The program coordinator’s beliefs areRead MoreParental Involvement Of The Bilingual School1307 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges are facing English language learners and their parents; students have difficulties communicating effectively, and having to do math and reading tests in English when they are not proficient in the adoptive language. While, their parents may have limited proficiency in English and may also have a different schooling history. Therefore, the responsibility of educating ELLs must include parents. According to Panferov, â€Å"As educators, understanding the challenges that ELL parents may face is criticalRead MoreEssay on Chapter One Summary623 Words   |  3 PagesChapter One Summary Kelsey February 18, 2013 Chapter One Summary According to Moughamian (2009), English language learners (ELLs), represent one of the fastest growing groups among the school-aged population in the U.S.† (para. 1). By the year 2015, English language learners will make up 30% of the schools population in the U.S. (Moughamian, 2009). English language learners, as well as native English speakers, are required to be successful in school and succeed as productive members ofRead MoreEducation of the English Language Learner1476 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to compare two different approaches in the education of English Language Learner (ELL) students, Structured English Immersion, and Two-Way Immersion programs. The focus of this paper is to identify (1) the language ideologies behind both approaches, and each program’s purpose and components. This article also looks at the academic achievement of ELLs, the achievement gap between general education students and ELLs, and the programs’ approach to different variab les such as parental involvementRead MoreTransitional Bilingual Education Program Design1411 Words   |  6 Pages Transitional Bilingual Education Program Design Sierra Chandler Joel Knoblock Tammy Leigh Sofia Mills Kristen Pavlak Elizabeth Peterson LTIC 535 Dr. Samantha Morley December 8, 2015 Transitional Bilingual Education Program Design PROGRAM NAME GOAL/VISION The primary goal of any school district’s English Language Learner policy should be to ensure that all students receive equitable access to the curriculum. The Office of Civil Rights memorandum (May 25, 1970) requiresRead MoreEssay on English Language Learners and Education951 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies have to find a common ground to ensure that English Language Learners are academically successful. All stakeholders must carefully consider the social cultural impact on an ELL education. The process of raising bilingual learners take more than a language a school and a language learned at home. The transition must have a purpose and a goal. Collaborative Practices of English Language Learners and Schools Educating a student takes a massive amount of collaboration between schools,Read MoreBilingual Education Persuasive Essay991 Words   |  4 Pages Over the last decade or so, important legislation has been implemented to positively ensure fair and equal access to a quality education for English Language Learners (ELL). Change did not happen without there being obstacles to overcome. There were many overturned cases that initially sought to strip English Language Learners of their basic rights to an education. Yet, there would eventually be legislation instituted to help alter the course. Early court cases, provide examples of abject inconsiderationRead More Bilingual Education Essay examples1194 Words   |  5 PagesBilingual education is any school program which utilizes two languages. An example of legal rationale in regarding bilingual education is English being the only language approach that is taught to English language learners in the United States in school districts according to No Child Left Behind Act of 2001(NCLB). However, historical rationale concerning bilingual education is the history of events that occurred due to bilingual education not being taught in a school district. An example is MeyerRead MoreVoter Initiatives Affecting Ell1184 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Language Learners Jennifer Milam Grand Canyon University: ESL-523N January 30, 2013 State Voter Initiatives Affecting the Education of English Language Learners It is no secret that the debate over what is the best course of action to educate our non-native English language students across the country is a highly charged topic that runs from the classroom to Capitol Hill. There have been many shifts in direction and focus of educational programs for English Language Learning (ELL) studentsRead MorePolitics and Policies Influencing America’s Education of Bilingual Students1202 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing number of English language learners. Some research indicates that by the year 2030, over 40% of elementary and secondary students served by schools in the United States will come from homes where a language other than English is spoken (Thomas Collier, 2001). In an effort to accommodate these students, the United States has adopted policies at both the federal and state levels. Generally, the direction taken to meet the needs of English language learners has depended on the climate

Climate change (term paper) Essay Example For Students

Climate change (term paper) Essay Summary: This paper looks at the controversial issue of climatic change. In particular, it develops the question of if and why earths climate is changing? The roles of man, naturally occurring trends, and earths cycles are considered, and an outlook for what can be expected in the near and distant future is given. The uneasiness of modern man arises from a rupture between himself and nature that leaves him homeless within the universe We will write a custom essay on Climate change (term paper) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now William Barrett Introduction Over the past years most individuals have become acutely aware that the intensity of human and economic development enjoyed over the 20th century cannot be sustained. Material consumption and ever increasing populations are already stressing the earths ecosystems. How much more the earth can take remains a very heated issue. Here a look at the facts sheds some very dark light. In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people, while today there are 5. 8 billion. There may well be 10 billion people on earth before the middle of the next century. Even more significant, on an ecological level, is the rise in per capita energy and material consumption which, in the last 40 years, has soared faster than the human population. An irresistible economy seems to be on a collision course with an immovable ecosphere. Based on these facts alone, there is grave reason for concern. Taken further, it is even more frightening to note that, while man has affected the environment throughout his stay on earth, the impact has been most intense in the relatively short industrial era. Since the industrial revolution, and over the past century in particular, mans ecological footprint on the earth has quickly grown from that of a child to one of a giant. True, this period is heralded as an economic success story, which it certainly has been. However, many argue that it seems increasingly likely that the path to mans success will soon slope downward to his demise. The climate is changing, and so must we. This paper will look at the coin of climate change, where on the one side the human impact on the earth will be shown, and on the other, the impact of earth on man. Such a study is inevitably somewhat polemical, as it is still open to debate what the precise effects of man have and will be on climate change, and also what climate change will mean to man. It will also be quite general in analysis, as a paper of this scope can allow no more. What will be made clear, nevertheless, is that the relationship between man and earth is clearly changing. More specifically, man is outgrowing the earth. If the relationship is to continueindeed prosperthen a new balance needs to be found. The issue of climate change holds one important key to this balance. Man and the Environment Thomas Malthus is well remembered for his position as a doomsayer. When looking at the rates of population growth in Victorian England, he saw unchecked growth as leading to a rapid decline in the living standards of man. He blamed this decline on three main factors: the overproduction of offspring; the inability of natural resources to sustain rising human population; and the irresponsibility of the lower classes to prevent their overpopulation. Very generally, Malthus suggested that this trend could be controlled only if the family size of the lower classes was regulated so that poor families would not produce more children than they could support. He predicted that the demand for food would inevitably become far greater than the available supply of it. This prediction was rooted in the thought that population, when unchecked, increased geometrically; i.e. .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 , .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .postImageUrl , .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 , .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5:hover , .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5:visited , .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5:active { border:0!important; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5:active , .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5 .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c66b416fc86eecd7a11eaa6f2450cc5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mutations Essay, 2,4,8,16,32 while food products, or as he called it subsistence, only grew at an arithmetic rate; i.e, 1,2,3,4,5,.. . He provided only a basic economic reason for this however, and generally attributed famine, poverty and other catastrophic occurrences to divine intervention (he was a very religious man, a clergyman, in fact). He believed that such natural outcomes were essentially Gods way of preventing man from being lazy. The point here is not to provide an evaluation of Malthus, and one might well argue that he was wrong in many of his . Climate Change (term Paper) Essay Example For Students Climate Change (term Paper) Essay Summary: This paper looks at the controversial issue of climatic change. In particular, it develops the question of if and why earths climate is changing? The roles of man, naturally occurring trends, and earths cycles are considered, and an outlook for what can be expected in the near and distant future is given. The uneasiness of modern man arises from a rupture between himself and nature that leaves him homeless within the universe We will write a custom essay on Climate Change (term Paper) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now William Barrett Introduction Over the past years most individuals have become acutely aware that the intensity of human and economic development enjoyed over the 20th century cannot be sustained. Material consumption and ever increasing populations are already stressing the earths ecosystems. How much more the earth can take remains a very heated issue. Here a look at the facts sheds some very dark light. In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people, while today there are 5. 8 billion. There may well be 10 billion people on earth before the middle of the next century. Even more significant, on an ecological level, is the rise in per capita energy and material consumption which, in the last 40 years, has soared faster than the human population. An irresistible economy seems to be on a collision course with an immovable ecosphere. Based on these facts alone, there is grave reason for concern. Taken further, it is even more frightening to note that, while man has affected the environment throughout his stay on earth, the impact has been most intense in the relatively short industrial era. Since the industrial revolution, and over the past century in particular, mans ecological footprint on the earth has quickly grown from that of a child to one of a giant. True, this period is heralded as an economic success story, which it certainly has been. However, many argue that it seems increasingly likely that the path to mans success will soon slope downward to his demise. The climate is changing, and so must we. This paper will look at the coin of climate change, where on the one side the human impact on the earth will be shown, and on the other, the impact of earth on man. Such a study is inevitably somewhat polemical, as it is still open to debate what the precise effects of man have and will be on climate change, and also what climate change will mean to man. It will also be quite general in analysis, as a paper of this scope can allow no more. What will be made clear, nevertheless, is that the relationship between man and earth is clearly changing. More specifically, man is outgrowing the earth. If the relationship is to continueindeed prosperthen a new balance needs to be found. The issue of climate change holds one important key to this balance. Man and the Environment Thomas Malthus is well remembered for his position as a doomsayer. When looking at the rates of population growth in Victorian England, he saw unchecked growth as leading to a rapid decline in the living standards of man. He blamed this decline on three main factors: the overproduction of offspring; the inability of natural resources to sustain rising human population; and the irresponsibility of the lower classes to prevent their overpopulation. Very generally, Malthus suggested that this trend could be controlled only if the family size of the lower classes was regulated so that poor families would not produce more children than they could support. He predicted that the demand for food would inevitably become far greater than the available supply of it. This prediction was rooted in the thought that population, when unchecked, increased geometrically; i.e. .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 , .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .postImageUrl , .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 , .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18:hover , .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18:visited , .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18:active { border:0!important; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18:active , .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18 .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b1f3e4d6da0c556530c55a6113c1b18:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: James Dickey Essay, 2,4,8,16,32 while food products, or as he called it subsistence, only grew at an arithmetic rate; i.e, 1,2,3,4,5,.. . He provided only a basic economic reason for this however, and generally attributed famine, poverty and other catastrophic occurrences to divine intervention (he was a very religious man, a clergyman, in fact). He believed that such natural outcomes were essentially Gods way of preventing man from being lazy. The point here is not to provide an evaluation of Malthus, and one might well argue that he was wrong in many of his predictions; but rather to highlight the posit that . Climate change (term paper) Essay Example For Students Climate change (term paper) Essay Summary: This paper looks at the controversial issue of climatic change. In particular, it develops the question of if and why earths climate is changing? The roles of man, naturally occurring trends, and earths cycles are considered, and an outlook for what can be expected in the near and distant future is given. The uneasiness of modern man arises from a rupture between himself and nature that leaves him homeless within the universe We will write a custom essay on Climate change (term paper) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now William Barrett Introduction Over the past years most individuals have become acutely aware that the intensity of human and economic development enjoyed over the 20th century cannot be sustained. Material consumption and ever increasing populations are already stressing the earths ecosystems. How much more the earth can take remains a very heated issue. Here a look at the facts sheds some very dark light. In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people, while today there are 5. 8 billion. There may well be 10 billion people on earth before the middle of the next century. Even more significant, on an ecological level, is the rise in per capita energy and material consumption which, in the last 40 years, has soared faster than the human population. An irresistible economy seems to be on a collision course with an immovable ecosphere. Based on these facts alone, there is grave reason for concern. Taken further, it is even more frightening to note that, while man has affected the environment throughout his stay on earth, the impact has been most intense in the relatively short industrial era. Since the industrial revolution, and over the past century in particular, mans ecological footprint on the earth has quickly grown from that of a child to one of a giant. True, this period is heralded as an economic success story, which it certainly has been. However, many argue that it seems increasingly likely that the path to mans success will soon slope downward to his demise. The climate is changing, and so must we. This paper will look at the coin of climate change, where on the one side the human impact on the earth will be shown, and on the other, the impact of earth on man. Such a study is inevitably somewhat polemical, as it is still open to debate what the precise effects of man have and will be on climate change, and also what climate change will mean to man. It will also be quite general in analysis, as a paper of this scope can allow no more. What will be made clear, nevertheless, is that the relationship between man and earth is clearly changing. More specifically, man is outgrowing the earth. If the relationship is to continueindeed prosperthen a new balance needs to be found. The issue of climate change holds one important key to this balance. Man and the Environment Thomas Malthus is well remembered for his position as a doomsayer. When looking at the rates of population growth in Victorian England, he saw unchecked growth as leading to a rapid decline in the living standards of man. He blamed this decline on three main factors: the overproduction of offspring; the inability of natural resources to sustain rising human population; and the irresponsibility of the lower classes to prevent their overpopulation. Very generally, Malthus suggested that this trend could be controlled only if the family size of the lower classes was regulated so that poor families would not produce more children than they could support. He predicted that the demand for food would inevitably become far greater than the available supply of it. This prediction was rooted in the thought that population, when unchecked, increased geometrically; i.e. .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc , .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .postImageUrl , .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc , .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc:hover , .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc:visited , .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc:active { border:0!important; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc:active , .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude059be86fa2182347d3d57952dc23dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Survivors Tale And Spiegelman Essay, 2,4,8,16,32 while food products, or as he called it subsistence, only grew at an arithmetic rate; i.e, 1,2,3,4,5,.. . He provided only a basic economic reason for this however, and generally attributed famine, poverty and other catastrophic occurrences to divine intervention (he was a very religious man, a clergyman, in fact). He believed that such natural outcomes were essentially Gods way of preventing man from being lazy. The point here is not to provide an evaluation of Malthus, and one might well argue that he was wrong in many of his predictions; .

Plato’s Meno Essay Example

Plato’s Meno Paper Socrates, in his discussion with Meno in â€Å"Plato’s Meno† gave us in heritage what is actually a Virtue. Meno said, â€Å"Well then, Socrates, virtue, as I take it, is when he, who desire the honorable, is able to provide it for himself; so the poet says, and I say too-â€Å", (Plato, Meno), but after prolonged discussion, Socrates explains to Meno, â€Å" Then, Meno, the conclusion is that virtue comes to the virtuous by the gift of God. But we shall never know the certain truth until, before asking how virtue is given, we enquire into the actual nature. † (Dialogue, Plato, Meno). Hereby it is quite true that virtuous person is not the person who has the quality of being good as is propounded to be but virtue cannot be defined, it is an essence of goodness in souls that makes a person virtuous. Hereby in the Western Civilization we say he is virtuous because he has done some noble acts. What lies in shore of men is bound to happen like Aeneas, the hero of the Aeneid, says, â€Å" sing of arms and of a man: his fate had made him fugitive. †(Virg. , Aen. 1. 1-7) Aeneid reflects live experience as though it were an object in a mirror. â€Å"There are two gates of Sleep, one said to be of horn, whereby the true shades pass with ease, the other all white ivory agleam without a flaw, and yet false dreams are sent through this one by the ghost to the upper world. Anchises now, his last instructions given, took son and Sibyl and let them go by the Ivory Gate. †(Virgil, Aeneid, Book VI, Lines 893-899). We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s Meno specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s Meno specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s Meno specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Aeneas left Hades to go back up to the mortal world through the gates of lies, and suggests for the rest of the world, that all of his actions are false. Indeed, it means that the entire world since the founding of Rome is but a lie. From our inner self we are different but we have put the mask of selfishness and absurdity. Humans like Dante in Divine Comedy are all lost in the woods; Midway along the journey of life I woke to find myself in the dark wood, For I have wondered from the straight path (Dante Alighieri, Canto 1, 3. Divine Comedy). We are all in this Western Civilization and at one point of time are asailed by beasts a lion, a leopard, and a she-wolf; allegory of temptations towards sin and once fallen into it are unable to then find ourselves towrds â€Å"diritta via† ie salvation. Though Dante realized that he is ruining himself, and is falling into a deep place, but he is not able to come out of the situation himself and he is taken out of it by Vigil who took him towards the pilgrim from Inferno means Hell, To purogato and finally to Paradiso where his Journey ends ie he meet divinity. â€Å"so I searched that strange sight: I wished to see the way in which our human effigy suited the circle and found place in it†-(Dante, Paradiso 33, Divine Comedy). Western Civilization also believes in the choice to live full to his capacity and assume a place in heaven upon death, but when they are fallen to temptation, they suffer in Hell for eternity, but they do get a chance for repentance, allowing them to enter Purgatory, and finally witness God. This gives man inspiration, insight, imagination and abilities to understand or to grasp the realities (actualities/potentialities) around him. Gilgamesh had both the divine as well as devilish qualities that what humans of Western Civilizations are. In the quest to fulfill our materialistic and sexual desires we are moving away from attaining the mutual satisfaction, thus according to me the Epic Gilgamesh is mirror to the Western Civilizations, whereby with the Scientific and Technological advancements we are moving in the pursuit of attaining the immortality but it is the immortality we cannot attain because death is destiny we all have to lead ourselves too. The death is glorified even in Illiad and Aenies. BIBILOGRAPHY The Epic of Gilgamesh, The earliest Sumerian versions dated s early as the Third dynasty of Ur ie 2100 BC-2000 BC). Homer, probably 8th century BC Illiad Virgil, 19th B. C. E, Aeneid The Meno, 380, B. C. E, Plato Dante Alighieri, 1308-1321, The Divine Comedy